Smoke Plumes From Large Fires.
Smoke Plumes From Large Fires.
(3171 K)
McGrattan, K. B.; Baum, H. R.; Rehm, R. G.
NISTIR 6030; NIST SP 995; Volume 2; June 1997.
U.S./Japan Government Cooperative Program on Natural
Resources (UJNR). Fire Research and Safety. 13th Joint
Panel Meeting. Volume 2. March 13-20, 1996,
Gaithersburg, MD, Beall, K. A., Editor(s), 351-360 pp,
1997.
Available from:
National Technical Information Service
Order number: PB97-184204
Keywords:
fire safety; fire research; smoke plumes; earthquakes;
mathematical models; conservation
Abstract:
A large eddy simulation (LES) model of smoke plumes
generated by large outdoor fires is presented. The
plume is described in terms of steady-state convective
transport by a uniform ambient wind of heated gases and
particulate matter introduced into a stably stratified
atmosphere by a continuously burning fire. The
Navier-Stokes equations in the Boussinesq approximation
are solved numerically with a constant eddy viscosity
representing dissipation on length scales below the
resolution limits of the calculation. The effective
Reynolds number is high enough to permit direct
simulation of the large scale mixing over two to three
orders of magnitude in lenght scale. Particulate
matter, or any non-reacting combustion product, is
represented by lagrangian particles which are advected
by the fireinduced flow field. Results of the model are
compared with a series of field experiments.
Building and Fire Research Laboratory
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Gaithersburg, MD 20899