Fluid Dispensing and Dispersion.
Fluid Dispensing and Dispersion.
(460 K)
Yang, J. C.; Keyser, D. R.
HOTWC 2006;
Halon Options Technical Working Conference, 16th
Proceedings. HOTWC 2006. May 16-18, 2006, Albuquerque,
NM, 1-12 pp, 2006.
Keywords:
halon alternatives; halons; halon 1301; fire
suppression; aircraft engines; nacelle engines;
dispersions; fluids; pipes; storage; experiments; fire
tests; simulations; low temperature
Abstract:
This paper is a condensed version of a chapter in the
forthcoming Next Generation Program (NGP) final report
edited by the authors. It summarizes the research
conducted during the NGP program on fluid dispensing and
dispersion within aircraft engine nacelles by various
principal investigators, including the authors.
Fire-suppression systems for protecting aircraft engines
typically consist of a suppressant storage bottle(s), a
piping system connecting the bottle(s) to the discharge
port(s), and the discharge nozzle(s). In some cases,
nozzles are not used; the fluid simply discharges from
the pipe-end. Fluid dispensing addresses the
multi-component, two-phase flow of the fire suppressant
through the piping before it is discharged. Fluid
dispensing includes the initial conditions for agent
discharge that affect the subsequent dispersion of the
suppressant. The fluid dispensing aspects will be
discussed in the Fluid Storage and Fluid Transport
through Piping sections. The aspects of fluid storage
are related to the determination of the thermodynamic
state of the fluid in the bottle and the sizing of the
bottle required to accommodate sufficient agent required
for fire suppression without compromising the bottle's
structural integrity. The discussion of fluid transport
through piping describes the flow of fire suppressant
through various piping configurations (straight pipes,
bends, tees, etc.). The two-phase computer code was
derived from a code widely used in the nuclear
industries. This program was benchmarked against
transient experimental data available in the literature
as well as experiments conducted in the NGP.
Building and Fire Research Laboratory
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Gaithersburg, MD 20899