Workshop on Building Occupant Movement During Fire Emergencies, June 10-11, 2004, National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Workshop on Building Occupant Movement During Fire
Emergencies, June 10-11, 2004, National Institute of
Standards and Technology.
(690 K)
Peacock, R. D.; Kuligowski, E. D.
NIST SP 1032; NIST Special Publication 1032; 105 p.
January 2005.
Workshop on Building Occupant Movement During Fire
Emergencies. Proceedings. June 10-11, 2004,
Gaithersburg, MD, Peacock, R. D.; Kuligowski, E. D.,
Editor(s)(s), 2005.
Keywords:
occupants; people movement; emergencies; codes;
standards; evacuation; egress; human behavior; elevators
(lifts); high rise buildings; fire models; nuclear power
plants; hurricanes; World Trade Center; decision making
Abstract:
Both before and since the World Trade Center tower
collapses, there have been far too frequent events in
which there was extensive life loss because the time
needed for safe evacuation from a threatened building
was not available - it was less than the time available
for escape. There is a broad range of emergency
scenarios for which there is an alarming gap between the
public expectation of safety and the ability to provide
it. These include man-made threats, natural disasters,
and the more common system failures (e.g., gas leaks and
power outages). The urgency of response to knowing
something is very wrong within a building is now being
accentuated and perhaps even changed, as the old
paradigms of "orderly movement will get you out in time"
and "find a safe part of the building and wait for
rescue" are open to question. Thus, the need for
accurate, quantitative assessment of people movement in
emergencies has never been greater than it is today. To
this end, the Building and Fire Research Laboratory
(BFRL) at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST), in cooperation with the United
Technologies Research Center, hosted a two-day workshop
focusing on needed research on occupant behavior and
movement during building emergencies. This workshop was
motivated by a renewed interest in how buildings should
be evacuated during fire emergencies and by the desire
to provide a forum for the exchange of experiences among
the fire and non-fire communities working on emergency
egress. Organized into several sessions with specific
topics areas, several presentations were included in
each session, with an extended period for discussion at
the end of each session. Papers highlighting each
session are included in this report. For each workshop
session, the session moderator prepared a summary of key
points of research interest from the presentations and
discussion. Additional details, including presentation
visuals, are available on the NIST website at
http://fire.nist.gov. The workshop sessions were: Codes
and Standards Requirements for Building Evacuation,
Building Egress Strategies, Data Needs for Predictive
Building and Movement Models.
Selected Papers
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Integrating Physical Systems and Human Behavior Using Codes and Standards Requirements for Building Evacuation.
Groner, N. E.
-
Protected Elevators For Egress And Access During Fires In Tall Buildings.
Bukowski, R. W.
-
Critical Review of Emergency Evacuation Simulation Models.
Santos, G.; Aguirre, B. E.
-
All-Hazards Approach is Needed to Support Building Movement Strategies.
Groner, N. E.
-
Achieving Situation Awareness is the Primary Challenge to Optimizing Building Movement Strategies.
Groner, N. E.
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Available Data and Input Into Models.
Fahy, R. F.
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Review of 28 Egress Models.
Kuligowski, E. D.
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Estimating Evacuation Time Components: Lessons from Nuclear Power Plants, Hurricanes, and the First World Trade Center Bombing.
Lindell, M. K.; Prater, C. S.
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On Not Putting the Cart Before the Horse: Design Enables the Prediction of Decisions about Movement in Buildings.
Groner, N. E.
Building and Fire Research Laboratory
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Gaithersburg, MD 20899