Generation and Transport of Smoke Components.
Generation and Transport of Smoke Components.
(174 K)
Butler, K. M.; Mulholland, G. W.
Fire Technology, Vol. 40, No. 2, 149-176, April 2004.
Keywords:
smoke transport; aerosols; smoke generation; toxicity;
particulates; smoke yield; morphology; flaming
combustion; toxic gases; combustion
Abstract:
Smoke is a mixture of gases and suspended particulate
matter, or aerosols. The nature of the aerosol component
of smoke can play a significant role in the lethal and
sublethal effects on people. This paper presents the
current state of knowledge about factors that affect
smoke toxicity:soot generation, fractal structure of
soot, agglomerate transport via thermophoresis,
sedimentation, and diffusion, agglomerate growth through
coagulation and condensation, and the potential for the
aerosols to transport adborbed or absorbed toxic gases
or vapors into the lungs. Tables are included for
measured smoke yields and aerodynamic particle sies,
equations and references are provided for the smoke
agglomerate transport properties and wall loss, and key
literature references are provided for adsorption of
irritant gases on soot particles and water droplets and
the toxicity of nanosize particles.
Building and Fire Research Laboratory
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Gaithersburg, MD 20899