Seismic Risk Analysis of Liquid Fuel Systems: A Conceptual and Procedural Framework for Guidelines Development.
Seismic Risk Analysis of Liquid Fuel Systems: A
Conceptual and Procedural Framework for Guidelines
Development.
(4215 K)
Shinozuka, M.; Eguchi, R.
NIST GCR 97-719; 79 p. June 1997.
Sponsor:
National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Gaithersburg, MD
Available from:
National Technical Information Service
Keywords:
liquid fuels; risk analysis; earthquakes; pipelines;
lifelines; standards
Abstract:
Recent earthquakes, notably the 1989 Loma Prieta, 1994
Northridge and 1995 Hyogoken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquakes,
caused widespread damage to the urban infrastructure
facilities including lifeline networks. The
unacceptable seismic performance of many lifelines
during these earthquakes creates an urgent need to
develop comprehensive seismic design and retrofit
guidelines. Most current design and construction
standards for lifelines do not include seismic
provisions and those that do, focus on the seismic
performance of components, such as pipelines, pumping
stations, and storage tanks. There are neither seismic
design guidelines or codes that apply to lifelines as a
whole, particularly from the systems point of view. The
guidelines developed for a particular component may
permit design or retrofit in accordance with a specific
level of seismic raks that is not consistent with the
importance of that component when analyzed from a
systems point of view. In fact, a joint National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) effort to develop and
adopt seismic design guidelines and standards for
lifelines concluded that "standards for lifeline design
and construction must give special attention to the
performance of each lifeline as a system and to the
interdependence of the various lifeline systems".
Building and Fire Research Laboratory
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Gaithersburg, MD 20899