Maintenance and Modifications to Structural Systems. Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the World Trade Center.
Maintenance and Modifications to Structural Systems.
Federal Building and Fire Safety Investigation of the
World Trade Center.
(4765 K)
Fanella, D. A.; Derecho, A. T.; Ghosh, S. K.
NIST NCSTAR 1-1C; 169 p. September 2005.
Sponsor:
National Institute of Standards and Technology,
Gaithersburg, MD
Keywords:
World Trade Center; high rise buildings; building
collapse; disasters; terrorists; terrorism; maintenance;
structural systems; bombs (ordnance); construction;
inspection; structural integrity; occupants; structural
design; architecture; specifications; surveys; floors;
slabs (members)
Abstract:
This report documents maintenance and modifications that
were made to the structural systems of World Trade
Center (WTC) 1,2, and 7. Included are the Port Authority
of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ or Port Authority)
guidelines for inspection, repair, and modifications to
the structural systems of WTC 1, 2, and 7. Discussed are
the guidelines that governed the inspection and
strengthening of existing structural members. Also
contained in this report is a summary of the structural
inspection programs that were undertaken during the
occupancy of WTC 1,2, and 7. Included are summaries of
the facility condition survey reports that were produced
for WTC 1, 2, and 7 and descriptions of the structural
integrity inspection programs that were undertaken for
WTC 1 and WTC 2, The significant modifications and
repairs that were made to the structural systems of WTC
1, 2, and 7 from initial occupancy to September 11,
2001, are also documented. A discussion on the repairs
that were made after the February 1993 bombing of WTC 1
is also included. Appendixes to this report include
copies of referenced documents, including the Tenant
Construction Review Manuals; the Standards for
Structural Integrity Inspection of the WTC towers; and
the
Architectural and Structural Design Guidelines,
Specifications, and Standard Details, which were all
issued by the Port Authority regarding inspection,
repair, and modifications to the structural systems of
WTC 1, 2, and 7.
Building and Fire Research Laboratory
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Gaithersburg, MD 20899